Entomological Pins for Presentation fo of Insect Samples

Insect pins are specialized tools designed specifically for the study and display of insect specimens in entomology. Typically made from materials resistant to rust, like stainless steel, they are crafted to be fine yet sturdy to penetrate and hold delicate insects without causing undue damage. These pins are instrumental in the storage of insects, allowing specimens to be fixed onto spreading boards until their wings and bodies are appropriately set. Once positioned, the insects are then transferred to storage boxes, still pinned, ensuring they remain undisturbed. Proper pinning ensures specimens remain intact, facilitating future study and reducing degradation over time.

Classification of Insect Pins

Insect pins come in various types to cater to different needs within the field of entomology. The diversity ensures that various insect species, from tiny delicate specimens to more robust insects, can be effectively and safely pinned. Here are some types of insect pins based on different criteria:

1. Based on Material:

 - Stainless Steel Pins: Resistant to rust and corrosion, these are commonly used due to their longevity.

 - Nickel-plated Pins: These pins have a nickel coating which provides some protection against rust.

 - Black Enameled Pins: Offered a dark appearance and some rust resistance.

2. Based on Size and Thickness:

 - Size 000-7: The sizing for insect pins typically ranges from 000 (being the thinnest) to 7 (being the thickest). The pin size chosen often depends on the insect's size and fragility. For example, small and delicate specimens might use a size 000, while a large beetle could be pinned with a size 5 or 6.

3. Specialty Pins:

 - Minuten Pins: These are tiny pins used for extremely small or delicate specimens. They're often inserted into a small block of foam or balsa wood which is then pinned using a standard insect pin, facilitating handling without damaging the specimen.

 - Double Pins: Used for particularly fragile specimens or for those that need additional support.

4. Based on Head Type:

 - Headless Pins: These pins don't have a discernible head, which can be useful for particular pinning styles or preferences.

 - Headed Pins: These have a clear head, helping to hold the specimen more securely and making them easier to grasp when pinning or moving specimens.

5. Usage-Specific Pins:

 - Display Pins: These are used when the primary objective is to display the insect, possibly in a more aesthetic setting than a research collection.

 - Research Pins: These are standard pins used in research collections, where the focus is on preserving the insect accurately for study.

When pinning insects, it's crucial to choose the right type and size of pin. The correct choice ensures the specimen is preserved without damage and can be studied or displayed optimally. Proper pinning techniques, combined with the right pin, also ensure the longevity of the specimen in a collection.

Types of Insect Pins

Insect pins come in a range of sizes to accommodate the diverse array of insect species and their varying sizes and fragilities. The size of the pin is often denoted by a number, with each number correlating to a specific thickness and length. Here's a breakdown of the commonly used insect pin sizes and their specific applications:

1. Size 000: Extremely fine pins. 

 - Use: Ideal for pinning tiny, delicate specimens like small midges or thrips.

2. Size 00: Very fine pins.

 - Use: Suitable for slightly larger yet still delicate insects such as small ants or tiny moths.

3. Size 0: Fine pins.

 - Use: Used for small specimens like aphids or other small beetles.

4. Size 1: Standard fine pins.

 - Use: Suitable for a variety of small insects, such as many flies or small butterflies.

5. Size 2: Standard medium-thickness pins.

 - Use: Good for medium-sized insects like common butterflies, larger flies, and many beetles.

6. Size 3: Slightly thicker than size 2.

 - Use: Used for larger and more robust specimens that need added support, such as big moths or some beetles.

7. Size 4: Thick pins.

 - Use: Ideal for sizable, heavier insects like some large beetles.

8. Size 5 & 6: Even thicker pins.

 - Use: These are meant for the heaviest and most robust insects, ensuring they are securely anchored without tilting or falling over.

9. Size 7: The thickest pins.

 - Use: Perfect for the largest specimens or when multiple specimens are pinned on a single pin for comparative purposes.

When selecting a pin size, the goal is to choose one that provides stability to the specimen without causing undue damage. The pin should enter the insect's body smoothly, without splitting it, and be thick enough to prevent the specimen from rotating or moving once pinned. However, it shouldn't be so thick that it damages the specimen or makes it look awkward when displayed. Proper technique, combined with the correct pin size, ensures the insect's integrity and appearance are preserved.

Care and precautions for pinning insects

Pinning insects is a delicate process that requires care, precision, and attention to detail. Proper pinning ensures the longevity of the specimen, its usefulness for scientific study, and its visual appeal. Here are some care guidelines to consider when pinning insects:

Choose the Right Pin:

Use the appropriate size and type of pin for the specific insect. The pin should be rustproof to prevent damage over time.

Handle with Care:

Always handle insects gently by their robust parts, such as the thorax or by the edges of their wings, to avoid breaking or damaging delicate limbs or antennae.

Proper Insertion Point:

For most insects, the pin should be inserted through the right side of the thorax, ensuring it's vertical to the insect's body plane. The placement might vary depending on the type of insect.

Correct Height:

Once pinned, the insect's body should be positioned about one-third of the way down from the pin's pointed end. This allows space for labels above the specimen and ensures stability.

Wing Positioning:

For winged insects like butterflies and moths, use a spreading board to position the wings symmetrically. The leading edge of the forewing should typically be perpendicular to the body.

Prevent Damage:

Avoid pinning through the insect's abdomen, as it is soft and can become distorted.

Label Appropriately:

Always label pinned specimens with details such as the date of collection, location, collector's name, and any other relevant data. This is crucial for scientific documentation.

Humidity Control:

Before pinning, if the specimen is dry and brittle, it may need to be relaxed in a humid environment to prevent it from breaking. After pinning, it's essential to store in a low-humidity environment to prevent mold growth and damage.

Protect from Pests:

Store pinned insects in tight containers or boxes to protect them from pests, particularly dermestid beetles, which can consume dried insect specimens.

Use Forceps or Tweezers:

When positioning or adjusting small or delicate parts of the insect, use fine-tipped forceps or tweezers.

Regular Maintenance:

Periodically check pinned specimens for signs of damage or pest activity and address any issues promptly.

Store in Safe Environment:

Keep the pinned specimens in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight, which can fade the colors of the insects over time.

Pinning insects requires patience and practice. Over time, with experience, one becomes adept at ensuring specimens are both well-preserved and aesthetically pleasing.

Safe storage of pinned insects is crucial to maintain their integrity and ensure they remain in excellent condition for both study and display. Here's a guide to the safe storage of pinned insect specimens:

1. Use Insect Storage Boxes: 

 - Opt for specially designed insect storage boxes. These boxes usually have foam or cork bottoms into which the pins can be securely placed. 

2. Maintain Low Humidity: 

 - Humidity is an enemy of pinned insects. It can lead to mold growth and make specimens more susceptible to pest infestations. Use desiccants like silica gel packets in storage boxes to maintain a low humidity environment.

3. Protect Against Pests: 

 - The most notorious pests for insect collections are dermestid beetles and their larvae, which can devour entire collections.

 - Ensure that storage boxes close tightly.

 - Regularly inspect the collection for signs of pest activity.

 - If possible, store boxes within a larger, sealable container for added protection.

 - Mothballs or pest strips can be placed in the storage area (but not directly in contact with specimens) as a deterrent.

4. Avoid Direct Sunlight: 

 - Sunlight can fade and damage specimens. Store boxes in a dark or dimly lit place to prevent color fading.

5. Keep in a Cool Environment: 

 - Excessive heat can be damaging. Avoid storing specimens in attics or other areas where temperatures can become excessively high.

6. Label Properly: 

 - Each pinned insect should have a label with relevant information such as date, location of collection, and collector's name. It's also beneficial to label storage boxes for easy identification.

7. Regular Maintenance: 

 - Periodically check your collection. Re-pin loose specimens, check for pests, and ensure that desiccants are still effective.

8. Handle with Care: 

 - Whenever you need to access the collection, handle the boxes and specimens gently. Use forceps or tweezers to adjust or move specimens to avoid damaging them.

9. Space Them Out: 

 - Ensure that specimens aren't crowded in the storage boxes. Crowding can lead to accidental damage when accessing the specimens.

10. Organize Taxonomically or Thematically: 

 - Depending on the purpose of the collection, it might be helpful to organize specimens either taxonomically, geographically, or based on another theme. This organization aids in study and reference.

11. Training and Awareness: 

 - If multiple people access or manage the collection, ensure that everyone is trained and aware of best practices for handling and storing specimens.

By following these guidelines and being proactive about maintenance, you can ensure that your pinned insect specimens remain in top condition for many years, serving as invaluable tools for education, research, and appreciation.

Summary:

Insect pins, integral to entomology, come in various sizes and types like stainless steel, nickel-plated, and black enameled, catering to different insect sizes and fragilities. Popular sizes range from 000 (thinnest) to 7 (thickest). Pinning involves inserting a pin through the right side of an insect's thorax, ensuring its vertical alignment. For winged insects, a spreading board positions the wings symmetrically. The right pin size offers stability without causing damage. Once pinned, insects are often transferred to storage boxes, preserving them for study or display. Proper technique and pin choice ensure specimen longevity and presentation.